What causes scoliosis?

Causes include idiopathic factors, congenital defects, or neuromuscular conditions.

How is scoliosis diagnosed?

Through physical exams and X-rays to measure spine curvature.

What are the treatment options for scoliosis?

Treatments range from monitoring to bracing and surgery, based on severity.

What is the prognosis for someone with scoliosis?

Generally good with treatment; severity and detection age influence outcomes.

Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. A healthy spine has a normal curvature when viewed from the side but should appear straight when viewed from the front or back. In scoliosis, the spine curves to the side, often in a C or S shape.

What are the main types of scoliosis?

The main types are: Idiopathic (unknown cause, most common), Congenital (present at birth), Neuromuscular (caused by a neurological or muscular condition like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy), and Degenerative (develops in adults due to spinal degeneration).

What are the symptoms of scoliosis?

Common symptoms include: Uneven shoulders, one shoulder blade that appears more prominent than the other, uneven waist, one hip higher than the other, and leaning to one side. Sometimes, back pain, especially in adults, or visible spinal asymmetry.

How is scoliosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam (observing posture and spinal alignment), and X-rays to measure the degree of spinal curvature (Cobb angle). MRI or CT scans may be used to rule out other conditions.

What are the treatment options for scoliosis?

Treatment options depend on the severity of the curve, the patient's age, and the type of scoliosis. Options include: Observation (for mild curves), bracing (to prevent progression), and surgery (spinal fusion, for severe curves that continue to progress).

Is scoliosis genetic or hereditary?

Scoliosis can have a genetic component, particularly idiopathic scoliosis. Research suggests multiple genes may be involved, increasing the risk of developing scoliosis, but it's not always directly inherited. It can run in families, but not everyone with a family history will develop it.

Can scoliosis be prevented?

In most cases, scoliosis cannot be prevented, especially idiopathic scoliosis. However, maintaining good posture and core strength may help in some cases, and addressing underlying neuromuscular conditions may help in neuromuscular scoliosis.

What are the potential complications of untreated scoliosis?

Potential complications of untreated scoliosis, especially severe cases, include: Chronic back pain, reduced lung function (due to restricted chest cavity), heart problems, and a visibly deformed appearance that can affect self-esteem and body image.

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Transforming Lives with Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a medical condition where the spine curves sideways, typically in an "S" or "C" shape. While mild scoliosis may not cause significant issues, moderate to severe forms can lead to pain, posture problems, breathing difficulties, and reduced mobility. The condition can appear at any age but is most commonly detected during the growth spurt just before puberty (adolescent idiopathic scoliosis).

Treatment depends on the severity of the curve, age, underlying cause, and progression risk. Mild cases may only need observation, while moderate cases might require bracing. Severe or progressive scoliosis may necessitate surgical correction, typically spinal fusion. Physiotherapy is essential in all stages for posture correction, core strengthening, and improving overall function.

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Benefits Of Scoliosis

Prevents curve progression
Improves posture and spinal alignment
Reduces back pain and discomfort
Enhances lung and heart function (in severe curves)
Boosts physical mobility and balance
Increases self-esteem and body image

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Overview

Symptoms

Uneven shoulders or waist
One hip higher than the other
Noticeable curve in the spine
Leaning to one side
Back pain or fatigue after standing
Breathing difficulty (in severe cases)

Causes

Idiopathic (unknown origin – most common in adolescents)
Congenital (vertebral deformities present at birth)
Neuromuscular (e.g., due to cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy)
Degenerative (age-related disc degeneration)
Genetic predisposition
Trauma or spinal injury

The typical steps involved in Scoliosis

1. Diagnosis:

Physical exam, X-rays, MRI/CT scan to assess the spinal curve (Cobb angle).

2. Observation:

For curves <20 degrees with low progression risk.
Regular follow-up every 4–6 months, especially during growth periods.

3. Bracing:

Recommended for curves between 20–40 degrees in growing children/adolescents.
Types include Boston brace, Milwaukee brace, and nighttime braces.

4. Physical Therapy:

Core strengthening, stretching, and posture correction.
Schroth method and other scoliosis-specific exercise programs.

5. Surgery:

For curves >45–50 degrees or progressive scoliosis.
Spinal fusion is the most common surgery, involving rods and screws to realign and fuse the spine.
Alternatives include vertebral body tethering (a growth modulation technique in selected cases).

6. Post-Treatment Care: